What are bed sores or pressure ulcers primarily caused by?

Bed sores, also known as pressure ulcers, are primarily caused by prolonged pressure on bony areas of the body. This pressure restricts blood flow to the tissues, especially in areas where there is little fat or muscle cushioning over the bones, such as the heels, elbows, and sacrum. When blood flow is impaired, the skin and underlying tissues can become damaged, leading to ulceration.

The development of pressure ulcers often occurs in individuals who are immobile or bedridden for extended periods, as they may not shift their weight frequently enough to relieve the pressure on these areas. This condition is critical to understand in the context of patient care, as it emphasizes the importance of regular repositioning and the use of special mattresses and cushions designed to alleviate pressure.

While inadequate nutrition, lack of hydration, and improper wound care can contribute to the overall health and healing of the skin, they are not the primary causes of pressure ulcers themselves. Therefore, addressing prolonged pressure is essential for both preventing and managing bed sores effectively.